مقایسه نگرش به ماهیت علم در دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز و دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز

نیکزاد, سارا; محمودی, فیروز; ادیب, یوسف

doi:10.22034/cipj.2025.66729.1255

مقایسه نگرش به ماهیت علم در دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز و دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ کارشناس ارشد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

² استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

10.22034/cipj.2025.66729.1255

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه نگرش به ماهیت علم در بین دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز و دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: تحقیق از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی-پیمایشی بود. جامعه آماری شامل 21801 دانشجوی دانشگاه تبریز و 5200 دانشجوی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز بود که با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان، نمونه‌ای به حجم ۳۷۷ نفر از دانشگاه تبریز و ۳۵۷ نفر از دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه نگرش به ماهیت علم کایا و همکاران (۲۰۱۹) بود که روایی آن توسط متخصصان تأیید و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 0/838 محاسبه شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون تحلیل واریانس آنوا) در نرم‌افزار SPSS27 تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاکی از برتری معنادار نگرش دانشجویان علوم انسانی نسبت به سایر رشته‌ها در اکثر ابعاد است: در بعد شناختی-معرفتی، نسبت به علوم پزشکی و کشاورزی؛ در بعد اجتماعی-نهادی، نسبت به فنی-مهندسی، کشاورزی و پزشکی؛ در بعد تربیتی-آموزشی، نسبت به علوم پایه، فنی-مهندسی، کشاورزی و پزشکی؛ و در کل نگرش، نسبت به فنی-مهندسی، کشاورزی و پزشکی. همچنین، دانشجویان علوم پایه در بعد اجتماعی-نهادی نسبت به فنی-مهندسی، کشاورزی و پزشکی، و در کل نگرش نسبت به کشاورزی، نگرش بالاتری داشتند. در همین بعد، کشاورزی نیز نسبت به علوم پزشکی برتری نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، برتری نسبی نگرش در رشته‌های علوم انسانی مشهود است که این ناهمسویی عمدتاً به تفاوت‌های ساختاری در برنامه‌های درسی و روش‌های آموزشی بازمی‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

علوم تربیتی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Attitudes towards the Nature of Science among Students of Tabriz University and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

نویسندگان [English]

Sara Nikzad ¹
Firooz Mahmoodi ²
Yousef Adib ²

¹ MSc, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

² Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: This research was conducted with the aim of comparing attitudes toward the nature of science among students of the University of Tabriz and Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Method: The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population included 21,801 students from the University of Tabriz and 5,200 students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, from which a sample of 377 from the University of Tabriz and 357 from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were seslected using the Krejcie and Morgan table through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was the Kaya et al. (2019) questionnaire on attitudes toward the nature of science, whose validity was confirmed by experts and reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.838. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA test) in SPSS27 software.
Results: The research results indicate a significant superiority in the attitudes of humanities students compared to other disciplines in most dimensions: in the cognitive-epistemological dimension, compared to medical sciences and agriculture; in the social-institutional dimension, compared to technical-engineering, agriculture, and medicine; in the educational-pedagogical dimension, compared to basic sciences, technical-engineering, agriculture, and medicine; and in overall attitude, compared to technical-engineering, agriculture, and medicine. Additionally, basic sciences students had higher attitudes in the social-institutional dimension compared to technical-engineering, agriculture, and medicine, and in overall attitude compared to agriculture. In the same dimension, agriculture also showed superiority over medical sciences.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the relative superiority of attitudes in humanities disciplines is evident, which this inconsistency mainly returns to structural differences in curricula and educational methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

nature of science
attitude
cognitive-epistemological system
social-institutional system
educational-training applications

مراجع

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