پرورش تفکر خلاق از طریق باز طراحی کتب درسی دوره ابتدایی: تحلیل محتوای کتاب مطالعات اجتماعی پایه سوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از رویکردی نوین در تحلیل محتوای کتاب‌های درسی، با هدف شناسایی عناصر تفکر خلاق در کتاب «مطالعات اجتماعی» پایه سوم ابتدایی انجام شد. بدین منظور، ابتدا بر اساس ادبیات نظری، مؤلفه‌ها و عناصر تفکر خلاق تبیین گردید و سپس محتوای کتاب یادشده بر اساس این مؤلفه‌ها تحلیل شد.
روش پژوهش: روش تحقیق، ترکیبی از تحلیل محتوای کیفی و کمی است. در ابتدا برای شناسایی و استخراج مولفه‌های تفکر خلاق ، تحلیل محتوای استقرایی به کار گرفته شد. برای جمع آوری منابع معتبر از مرور نظام‌مند استفاده شد. معیار‌های ورود و خروج و چگونگی ارزیابی و انتخاب منابع معتبر تعیین و از 36 منبع جمع‌آوری شده 14 منبع انتخاب شد، که کلیه منابع انگلیسی و سال انتشار مقالات از 2020 تا 2024 است. بعد از کدگذاری و تبیین مقوله‌های اولیه و ثانویه، شش مولفه به عنوان معیارهای تفکر خلاق در کتاب درسی مشخص شدند. سپس از چک‌لیست محقق ساخته که ضریب توافق کاپا و الفای کرونباخ آن تعیین شد، ابزاری برای تحلیل محتوای کمی کتاب مطالعات اجتماعی پایه سوم ایتدایی مبتنی بر مولفه‌های تفکر خلاق تدوین شد. داده‌های کمی با استفاده ازآمار توصیفی، آزمون خی دو و آزمون مونتکارلو R کد در نرم افزار 18-Stata تحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش تحلیل محتوای کتاب مطالعات اجتماعی سوم ابتدایی نشان می‌دهد هرچند شش مؤلفه تفکر خلاق (ذهن باز، حل مسئله خلاق، محتوای مبتنی بر استیم، کار تیمی، فناوری‌های تعاملی و هوش موفق) در طراحی کتاب حضور دارند، اما توزیع آنها نامتوازن است. بررسی آماری تفاوت معناداری (05/0p> ) در پراکندگی مؤلفه‌‌ها بین بخش‌های کتاب نشان نداد، اما تحلیل کیفی، بیانگر غلبه هوش تحلیلی و محتواهای استیم در مقایسه با مؤلفه‌های ذهن باز و فناوری‌های تعاملی است که در تصاویر و پرسش‌ها کمرنگ ترهستند. فعالیت‌های گروهی و پروژه محور نیز کمتر به چالش‌های واقعی و چندمرحله‌ای می‌پردازند. این ناهماهنگی ممکن است مانع پرورش هوش موفق (ترکیب توانمندی‌های تحلیلی، عملی و خلاق) شود. پیشنهاد می‌شود در بازنگری کتاب، با افزودن تصاویر پرسش برانگیز، مسائل بازپاسخ و سناریوهای فناورانه، زمینۀ تقویت خلاقیت و کاربرد عملی مفاهیم فراهم شود.
نتیجه‌گیری: مولفه‌های تفکر خلاق مانند پرورش ذهن باز، حل مساله خلاق، محتوای کتاب مبتنی بر استیم، تشویق کار تیمی و ارایه فعالیت‌های پروژه محور ، کاربرد تکنولوژی‌های تعاملی و هوشمند، تقویت هوش تحلیلی و موفق، لازم است به‌صورت متوازن در بخش‌های مختلف کتاب درسی از جمله نوشتار، تصاویر، فعالیت‌ها و پرسش‌ها لحاظ شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fostering Creative Thinking through Redesigning Elementary School Textbooks: A Content Analysis of the Third-Grade Social Studies Textbook

نویسنده [English]

  • Zahra Jamebozorg
Department of Educational Technology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: This study was conducted with a novel perspective on creative thinking, aiming to identify its core components within elementary-level textbooks. The research first conceptualized the elements of innovative thinking in elementary education materials, and then applied this framework to systematically analyze the third-grade social studies textbook in the Iranian elementary curriculum.
Method: The research methodology employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative content analysis. Initially, inductive content analysis was utilized to identify and elucidate the components of creative thinking. A systematic review was conducted to gather credible and up-to-date sources. Inclusion and exclusion criteria and protocols for evaluating and selecting reliable sources were established. Out of 36 collected sources, 14 were selected, all of which were English-language publications dated between 2020 - 2024. Following coding and the clarification of primary and secondary categories, six components were identified as criteria for creative thinking in the textbook. Quantitative content analysis was performed to examine the third-grade elementary textbook’s alignment with the application of thinking components. The sample for analysis was the third-grade social studies textbook. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-developed checklist, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the Monte Carlo R test, and the statistical software in Stata.
Results: The six components identified as elements of creative thinking in the textbook design include: cultivating open-mindedness, creative problem-solving, STEAM-based content, encouraging teamwork and project-based activities, integrating interactive and smart technologies, and strengthening analytical and success-oriented intelligence. The chi-square test revealed no statistically significant difference in the distribution of creative thinking components across textbooks (p > 0.05). While thinking components are incorporated into the textbook, there is an imbalanced emphasis on specific elements: analytical intelligence and STEAM dominate all sections, whereas open-mindedness and technology, particularly in visuals and questions, are underrepresented.
Conclusion: Creative thinking components such as fostering open-mindedness, solving creative problems, STEM-based textbook content, encouraging teamwork, offering project-based activities, utilizing interactive and smart technologies, and enhancing analytical and successful intelligence should be balanced in the design of writing, images, activities, and questions in textbooks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • creative problem solving
  • interactive technologies
  • open-mindedness
  • STEAM-based content
  • successful intelligence
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 10 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1404