Abu-Ras, W., Saleh, M., & Birani, A. (2018). Challenges and determination: The case of Palestinian parents of children with disabilities.
Journal of Family Issues,
39(10), 2757-2780.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18757830
Alarcon, G. M., Bowling, N. A., & Khazon, S. (2013). Great expectations: A meta- analytic examination of optimism and hope.
Personality and Individual Differences, 54 (821), 827.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.004
Alon, R. (2019). Social support and post-crisis growth among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and mothers of children with down syndrome.
Research in developmental disabilities,
90, 22-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.04.010
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Arslan, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2021). Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms: A study of moderated mediation model.
Australian Journal of Psychology,
73(2), 113-124.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1882273
Augsberger, A., Zeitlin, W., Rao, T., Weisberg, D., & Toraif, N. (2021). Examining a child welfare parenting intervention for parents with intellectual disabilities.
Research on Social Work Practice,
31(1), 65-74.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731520958489
Azeem, M. W., Dogar, I. A., Shah, S., Cheema, M. A., Asmat, A., Akbar, M & Haider, I. I. (2013). Anxiety and depression among parents of children with intellectual disability in Pakistan. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and adolescent Psychiatry, 22(4), 290.
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Olsson, M. B. (2005). Preschool children with and without developmental delay: behaviour problems, parents’ optimism and well‐being.
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,
49(8), 575-590.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529
Begley, T. M., Lee, C., & Czajka, J. M. (2000). The relationships of type A behavior and optimism with job performance and blood pressure.
Journal of Business and Psychology,
15(2), 215-227.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007782926730
Bishop, S. L., Richler, J., Cain, A. C., & Lord, C. (2007). Predictors of perceived negative impact in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.
American Journal on Mental Retardation,
112(6), 450-461.
https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017
Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2007). Positive impact of intellectual disability on families.
American Journal on Mental Retardation,
112, 330–348.
https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017
Blacher, J., Begum, G. F., Marcoulides, G. A., & Baker, B. L. (2013). Longitudinal perspectives of child positive impact on families: Relationship to disability and culture. American Journal on Intellectual and developmental disabilities, 118, 141–155.
Boehm, J. K., Chen, Y., Koga, H., Mathur, M. B., Vie, L. L., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2018). Is optimism associated with healthier cardiovascular-related behavior? Meta-analyses of 3 health behaviors.
Circulation research,
122(8), 1119-1134.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310828
Burke, M. M., Rios, K., & Aleman-Tovar, J. (2020). Identifying child, parent, and school correlates of stress among parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,
7(1), 5-16.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23297018.2019.1647552
Calles, J. L. (2011). Cognitive-adaptive disabilities. Pediatric Clinics, 58(1), 189-203.
Conversano, C., Rotondo, A., Lensi, E., Della Vista, O., Arpone, F., & Reda, M. A. (2010). Optimism and its impact on mental and physical well-being.
Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health: CP & EMH,
6, 25.
10.2174/1745017901006010025
Dehshiri, G., Golzari, M., Borjali, A. and Sohrabi, F. (2009). Psychometrics Particularity of Farsi Version of Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire for College Students. Clinical Psychology: Research and Practice Innovations", 1(4), 67-75. doi: 10.22075/jcp.2017.1988 [in Persian]
Durand, V.M., Hieneman, M., Clarke, S., Wang, & Rinaldi, M.L. (2012). Positive family intervention for severe challenging behaviour I: A multisite randomized clinical trial.
Journal of Positive Behaviour Interventions, 15, 133-143.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712458324
Edition, F. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc.
Fasano, J., Shao, T., Huang, H. H., Kessler, A. J., Kolodka, O. P., & Shapiro, C. L. (2020). Optimism and coping: do they influence health outcomes in women with breast cancer? A systemic review and meta-analysis.
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05800-5
Gardner, J., & Harmon, T. (2002). Exploring resilience from a parent’s perspective: A qualitative study of six resilient mothers of children with an intellectual disability.
Australian Social Work,
55, 60–68.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03124070208411672
Gohel, M., Mukherjee, S., & Choudhary, S. K. (2011). Psychosocial impact on the parents of mentally retarded children in Anand District.
Healthline,
2(2), 62.
https://www.iapsmgc.org/index_pdf/50.pdf
Golestaneh, A., & Servagh, S. (2013-2014). The mediating role of worry in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression and anxiety.
Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 9(35), 259–269.
https://journals.iau.ir/article_512222.html [in Persian]
Greenberg, J. S., Seltzer, M. M., Krauss, M. W., Chou, R. J., & Hong, J. (2004). The effect of quality of the relationship between mothers and adult children with disabilities: The mediating role of optimism.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
74(1), 14-25.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.74.1.14
Gupta, R. K., & Kaur, H. (2010). Stress among parents of children with intellectual disability. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 21(2), 118–126.
Hastings, R. P. (2016). Chapter Six-Do Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Have a Negative Impact on Other Family Members? The Case for Rejecting a Negative Narrative.
International Review of Research in Developmental Disabilities,
50, 165–194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irrdd.2016.05.002
Hastings, R. P., & Taunt, H. M. (2002). Positive perceptions in families of children with developmental disabilities.
American Journal on Mental retardation,
107, 116–127.
https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017
Hastings, R. P., Allen, R., McDermott, K., & Still, D. (2002). Factors related to positive perceptions in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities.
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual disabilities,
15, 269–275.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3148.2002.00104.x
Helff C.M. & Glidden L.M. (1998) More positive or less negative? Trends in research on adjustment of families rearing children with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation 36, 457–64.
Homan, K. J., Greenberg, J. S., & Mailick, M. R. (2020). Generativity and Well-Being of Midlife and Aging Parents With Children With Developmental or Mental Health Problems.
Research on aging,
42(3-4), 95-104.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027519884759
Hong, R. Y. (2007). Worry and rumination: Differential associations with anxious and depressive symptoms and coping behavior.
Journal B
ehaviour Research and Therapy,
45, 277-90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.006
Hu, X. (2022). Chinese fathers of children with intellectual disabilities: Their perceptions of the child, family functioning, and their own needs for emotional support.
International Journal of Developmental Disabilities,
68(2), 147-155.
https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2020.1716565
Icekson, T., Kaplan, O., & Slobodin, O. (2020). Does optimism predict academic performance? Exploring the moderating roles of conscientiousness and gender.
Studies in Higher Education,
45(3), 635-647.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1564257
Jess, M., Totsika, V., & Hastings, R. P. (2018). Maternal stress and the functions of positivity in mothers of children with intellectual disability.
Journal of child and family studies,
27(11), 3753-3763.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1186-1
Joshanloo, M., Sirgy, M. J., & Park, J. (2018). Directionality of the relationship between social well-being and subjective well-being: evidence from a 20-year longitudinal study.
Quality of Life Research,
27(8), 2137-2145.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1865-9
Jovančević, A., & Milićević, N. (2020). Optimism-pessimism, conspiracy theories and general trust as factors contributing to COVID-19 related behavior–A cross-cultural study.
Personality and individual differences,
167, 110216.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110216
Kermanshahi, S. M., Vanaki, Z., Ahmadi, F., Kazemnejad, A., Mordoch, E., & Azadfalah, P. (2008). Iranian mothers’ perceptions of their lives with children with mental retardation: A preliminary phenomenological investigation.
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities,
20(4), 317-326.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-008-9099-3
Keyes, C.L.M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121140.
Khoo, S. A., & Bishop, G. D. (1997). Stress and optimism: Relationships to coping and well-being. Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient.
King, G. A., Zwaigenbaum, L., King, S., Baxter, D., Rosenbaum, P., & Bates, A. (2006). A qualitative investigation of changes in the belief systems of families of children with autism or Down syndrome.
Child: care, health and development,
32(3), 353-369.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00571.x
Koenig, J.L., Barry, R.A., & Kochanska, G. (2010). Rearing difficult children: Parents’ personality and children’s proneness to anger as predictors of future parenting.
Parenting: Science and Practice, 10, 258-273.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2010.492038
Larkin, K. T. (2005). Stress and hypertension. Examining the Relation between Psychological Stress and High Blood Pressure.
Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger.
Personality and individual differences,
39(7), 1249-1260.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.0
Matthews, E. J., Gelech, J., Graumans, R., Desjardins, M., & Gélinas, I. (2020). Mediating a Fragmented System: Partnership Experiences of Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental and Neuromuscular Disabilities.
Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-020-09750-0
Mousavinasab, S. M. H., Taghavi, S. M. R., & Mohammadi, N. (2006). Optimism and stress appraisal: Evaluation of two theoretical models in prediction of psychological adjustment.
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
13(2), 111–120. [in Persian]
https://sid.ir/paper/254/en
Niemiec, R. M., Shogren, K. A., & Wehmeyer, M. L. (2017). Character strengths and intellectual and developmental disability: A strengths-based approach from positive psychology.
Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities,
52(1), 13-25.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26420372
Non, A. L., Román, J. C., Clausing, E. S., Gilman, S. E., Loucks, E. B., Buka, S. L., ... & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020). Optimism and Social Support Predict Healthier Adult Behaviors Despite Socially Disadvantaged Childhoods.
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-020-09849-w
O’Neill, S. C., Cohen, L. H., Tolpin, L. H., & Gunthert, K. C. (2004). Affective reactivity to daily interpersonal stressors as a prospective predictor of depressive symptoms.
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,23, 172–194.
https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.2.172.31015
Ogston, P. L., Mackintosh, V. H., & Myers, B. J. (2011). Hope and worry in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder or Down syndrome.
Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,
5(4), 1378-1384.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.020
Puskar, K. R., Sereika, S. M., Lamb, J., Tusaie-Mumford, K., & McGuinness, T. (1999). Optimism and its relationship to depression, coping, anger, and life events in rural adolescents.
Issues in mental health nursing,
20(2), 115-130.
https://doi.org/10.1080/016128499248709
Rajandram, R. K., Ho, S. M., Samman, N., Chan, N., McGrath, C., & Zwahlen, R. A. (2011). Interaction of hope and optimism with anxiety and depression in a specific group of cancer survivors: a preliminary study.
BMC research notes,
4(1), 519.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-519
Ryum, T., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Halvorsen, J. Ø., & Solem, S. (2017). Worry and metacognitions as predictors of anxiety symptoms: a prospective study. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 924.
Saffarinia, M., Tadris Tabrizi, M. and Aliakbari, M. (2014). Exploring the validity, Relibility of Social Well-being Questionnaire in Men and Women Resident in Tehran City. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 5(18), 115-132. doi: 10.22054/jem.2015.791[in Persian]
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health psychology, 4(3), 219.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16(2), 201–228.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173489
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(6), 1063.
Scorgie K, Sobsey D (2000). Transformational outcomes associated with parenting children who have disabilities.
Mental Retardation, 38(3), 195-206.
https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410, 414, 419
Seligman, M., Reivich, K., & Cox, L. (2020-2021). The optimistic child (F. Davarpanah, Trans.). Roshd Publications. (Original work published 1399) [in Persian]
Sharma, D. (2020). Optimism And Its Relationship With Physical And Mental Health (No. 2020-34-01).
Shum-Cheung, H. S., Tan, A., Chua, Y. S., Hawkins, R., Lee, A. K. B., Shiu, M., & Fung, D. (2008). Children's social and emotional well-being in Singapore.
https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/17105/
Singh, I., & Jha, A. (2013). Anxiety, optimism and academic achievement among students of private medical and engineering colleges: a comparative study.
Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology,
3(1), 222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v3n1p222
Slattery, É., McMahon, J., & Gallagher, S. (2017). Optimism and benefit finding in parents of children with developmental disabilities: The role of positive reappraisal and social support.
Research in developmental disabilities,
65, 12-22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.04.006
Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, J. (2002). Handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stainton T, Besser H (1998). The positive impact of children with an intellectual disability on the family 1.
Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 23(1), 57-70.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13668259800033581
Steger, M. F., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Depression and everyday social activity, belonging, and well-being. Journal of counseling psychology, 56(2), 289.
Strassle, C. G., McKee, E. A., & Plant, D. D. (1999). Optimism as an indicator of psychological health: Using psychological assessment wisely.
Journal of personality assessment,
72(2), 190-199.
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JP720203
Taunt, H. M., & Hastings, R. P. (2002). Positive impact of children with developmental disabilities on their families: A preliminary study.
Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 410-420.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23880074
Voigt, R. G. Myers, S., Tapia, C. (2018). Developmental and behavioral pediatrics (pp. 1-4). M. M. Macias, & S. M. Myers (2Eds.). American Academy of Pediatrics.
Weiss, M. J. (2002). Hardiness and social support as predictors of stress in mothers of typical children, children with autism, and children with mental retardation.
Autism, 6, 115–130.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361302006001009
Williams, E. T., Williams, D. P., Irwin, K. E., Koenig, J., Spangler, D. P., & Thayer, J. F. (2017, May). Preliminary Evidence of a Positive Relationship Between Resting Heart Rate Variability and Trait Worry in a Sample of Women. In
PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE (Vol. 79, No. 4, pp. A41-A41). TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dewayne-Williams/publication/315706636_Preliminary_Evidence_of_a_Positive_Relationship_between_Resting_Heart_Rate_Variability_and_Trait_Worry_in_a_sample_of_Women/links/58dd6dd792851cd2d3e36cc7/Preliminary-Evidence-of-a-Positive-Relationship-between-Resting-Heart-Rate-Variability-and-Trait-Worry-in-a-sample-of-Women.pdf
World Health Organization. (2000). The world health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. World Health Organization.
Zautra, A. J., & Smith, B. W. (2001). Depression and reactivity to stress in older women with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 687–696.
Zenger, M., Brix, C., Borowski, J., Stolzenburg, J. U., & Hinz, A. (2010). The impact of optimism on anxiety, depression and quality of life in urogenital cancer patients.
Psycho‐Oncology,
19(8), 879-886.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1635
Zhang, T., Wei, Q., Ma, S. Y., & Li, H. P. (2020). The relationship between optimism and job satisfaction for Chinese specialist nurses: A serial‐multiple mediation model.
Japan Journal of Nursing Science, e12334.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12334